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From ICH Q9 Quality Risk Management at http://www.ich.org/products/guidelines/quality/quality-single/article/quality-risk-management.html
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Hazard Identification
CPCI has pioneered an approach that utilizes certified Toxicologist determined PDEs/ADEs for compounds that present a potential hazard coupled with our database of existing Safety Assessments on a wide array of common and known safe compounds to focus Cleaning Validation efforts only on relevant and truly potential hazards. Equipment Design Hazards and Procedural Hazards (SOPs) are also identified.
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Risk Analysis
The Risk of the identified Hazards is the assessed by analyzing the potential of exposure through determination of the Maximum Safe Surface Residue (MSSR) and comparison to existing or historical data and Cleaning Process knowledge and understanding. If the Risk is acceptable then a Cleaning Validation (Risk Evaluation) is scheduled. If the Risk is high, then Risk Reduction steps are called for prior to Risk Evaluation.
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Risk Evaluation
Risk Evaluation compares the Risk Analysis results with actual Cleaning Validation data to determine if the Risk is indeed acceptable. The best approach to do this is to perform a Process Capability analysis on the Cleaning Validation data (swab results, etc.) using the MSSR as the acceptance criteria. This simple statistical technique can quantify the level of Risk and also allow the prediction of the possibility of Cleaning Process failures in the future.
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Risk Control
After the Risk Evaluation has been successful it is now important to determine an "Control Strategy" and the degree of any ongoing or periodic monitoring that will be used. The Process Capability results can be used as a guide - low Cpk values require monitoring, high Cpk values require less or none. Also, this is the appropriate stage to begin determination of Statistical Process Control (SPC) limits for the Cleaning Process.
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